Half a dozen reactors reproducing benthic hydrodynamic conditions, from high-energy (e.g., reefs) to very low-energy (abyssal plains), respectively, stirred, or with a rotating sediment disk, are present in the laboratory.
Open or closed to the atmosphere, in free-drift or flow-through mode, and always temperature-controlled, they can be used to follow chemical reactions occurring in surface sediments at atmospheric pressure. Chemical monitoring is performed via regular porewater microprofiles, discrete/continuous overlaying seawater chemical analyses, or measurements of solute fluxes across the sediment-water interface.